Unclassified U
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<publication>JP 3-06</publication> <edition/> <publication_date>May 2002</publication_date> <source_comment/> </source_document> <actual_event> <event/> <event_date/> <location/> <about_whom/> <event_comment/> </actual_event> <poc type=""> <name id=""/> <organization/> <higherhq/> <phone type=""/> <position/> <email/> <address1/> <address2/> </poc> </source> <description> <obj_name/> <obj_description/> <service/> <proponent>Combined Arms Center</proponent> <doc_version/> <vital_record/> <rev_date/> <topic> <topic_node>Urban Operations</topic_node> <topic_acronym>UO</topic_acronym> <object_category>general overview</object_category> <taxonpath ref_taxonomy="Environment" level1="Physical Environment" level2="Land Environment" level3="Urban Environment" level4="" level5="" level6=""/> </topic> <cross_ref> <crossref_list>JDEIS</crossref_list> <crossref_number/> <crossref_title/> </cross_ref> </description> <applicability> <indicator type=""/> <category/> <interoperability level="Joint"> <option/> </interoperability> <branch/> <echelon/> <unittype/> <executor/> <environment/> </applicability> <file> <documentscheme>WDN KO</documentscheme> <filename>urban_ops-00-001.xml</filename> <fileformat>text/xml</fileformat> <filelocation/> </file> </metadata> <tracking> <action type="Creation"> <docversion>1.0</docversion> <actiondate>20030401</actiondate> <actor> <name id="">Jim Ritter</name> <role>Author</role> <position>Operations Officer</position> <email>jim.ritter@us.army.mil</email> <office/> <organization>Center for Army Lessons Learned</organization> </actor> <status>Draft</status> <actiondesc>Extracted object from the source document.</actiondesc> </action> </tracking> <views> <view taxonomy="" level1="" level2="" level3="" level4="" level5="" level6=""/> </views> <reconstructions> <reconstruction document="JP 3-06" sequence="001"/> </reconstructions> <content type="primary"> <pointer/> <header level="object"> <header/> <title>Overview <para> <portionmark type=""/> <title/> <text> US military operations, whether war or military operations other than war (MOOTW), are inherently joint, and the last two decades of the 20th century show that military operations will continue to occur with some frequency. Cities have played a strategic role in military campaigns throughout history, from the Trojan War to the fall of Berlin and up to the present day. Whether because of their geographic location, concentration of wealth and power, or symbolic value, cities have been strategic objectives in most of history’s conflicts. Trends in world demographics indicate a significant increase in the number and size of urban areas throughout the world, ensuring that many future military operations will take place in urban environments. In fact, that trend has already begun. US military operations in the 1990’s (such as Baghdad, Khafji, Kuwait City, Monrovia, Mogadishu, Port-au-Prince, and cities in Bosnia, Serbia, and Kosovo) indicate the frequency with which joint US forces operate in urban areas. US experience in these operations, and that of other military forces, shows that urban areas offer significant operational challenges across the range of military operations, but particularly for combat. Further, the great complexity of the urban environment requires military forces to pay particular attention to the unique and demanding requirements of operations in those areas. It is therefore imperative that commanders and staffs understand those requirements and consider them in the planning and conduct of operations in the urban environment.</text> </para> </block> </content> </object>